1, wood sleeper (wood sleeper) made of wood sleeper. Also known as sleeper, anticorrosive wooden pillow, also known as oil sleeper. The wooden pillow must be made of tough and flexible wood. Wooden pillow according to the use can be divided into ordinary wooden pillow, turnout pillow, bridge pillow. The standard length of Putong wooden pillow is 2.5 m, and its section shape is divided into two categories: I and II, which are used for different grades of lines. For the turnout pillow on the switch, its section is wider than the wooden pillow, the length from 2600mm to 4 800mm, a total of 12 kinds, each length difference of 20mm, when used according to the actual width of the switch group selection. A bridge tie used on a bridge, the size of which varies according to the size of the center spacing of the main beam (or longitudinal beam).

The wooden pillow has the advantages of good elasticity, easy processing and convenient use. Since its own railway, wooden tie is the main type of sleeper. However, due to the material, the elasticity, strength and durability of the wooden pillow are not uniform enough, which will increase the dynamic effect of the wheel and rail, and a large number of high-quality wood should be used. The service life of the wooden tie is short, and there are many reasons for its failure, mainly decay, mechanical wear and cracking. Because the wooden pillow is easy to decay, it should be treated with anti-corrosion before going on the road. Wooden pillows that have not been treated for corrosion prevention are called plain pillows. China's timber resources are scarce and expensive, and it has been gradually replaced by concrete pillows on the main trunk lines.

2, concrete sleeper, including screw spike structure, reinforcement, fastener and gauge adjustment, height adjustment, its characteristics are: The shoulder baffle is raised, the gauge baffle is thickened, the rubber cushion plate is thickened, the spiral ribbed steel bar is arranged in the vertical staggered arrangement in the concrete sleeper, and the shear bar is configured at the end of the shoulder baffle, the baffle base is in line with the grooves at both ends of the concrete sleeper baffle shoulder, and the gauge baffle is closely attached to the baffle base.

3, railway accessories sleeper of concrete pillow, also known as concrete pillow, after the Second War, concrete pillow began to use a large number of, the advantages of concrete pillow is good stability, long service life, maintenance and maintenance costs; The disadvantages of the concrete pillow are large weight, poor elasticity and insulation performance, and the cushioning insulation cushion must be provided in the bottom part of the rail.

4, connecting parts Connecting parts are divided into two categories, connecting the end of the two rail parts called joint connecting parts; The parts connecting the rail and the sleeper are called intermediate connecting parts, that is, fasteners. The joint joint allows the wheel to roll smoothly over the rail joint and keeps the front and rear rails working in harmony. The fastener connects the rail and the sleeper into one body to form the rail frame, so that the two rails maintain the correct relative position; The fasteners provide sufficient pressure to prevent the rail from overturning and prevent the longitudinal movement of the rail.

The road bed usually refers to the ballast (ballast) cushion laid on the road surface under the sleeper. The main function is to support the sleeper, and distribute the huge load from the upper part of the sleeper evenly to the subgrade surface, which greatly reduces the deformation of the road foundation. Ballast is a small block granite with a diameter of 20~70mm, and there is a gap and friction between the block and the block, so that the track has a certain elasticity, this elasticity can not only absorb the impact and vibration of rolling stock, so that the train runs more smoothly, but also greatly improve the working conditions of rolling stock and rail, sleeper and other components, and extend the service life. Once the elasticity of ballast is lost, the load on the reinforced concrete sleeper is increased by 50 to 80% compared to the normal state.